Aquarium lighting system

ABSTRACT

A control system for an aquarium lighting system in which motor drivers alter over time the relative inclination of a light source with respect to an ornamental feature (18) within the aquarium. The effect is that light intensity (92, 94) falling incident on an ornamental feature more accurately simulates natural light impinging on a natural environment from day and seasonal movements of the sun. In addition to the relative change in inclination, power settings for the light source can be adjusted to further mimic the effects experienced with daily variations of climate and/or weather. The system effectively changes the angle of incidence of light and outwardly facing areas of ornamental features or areas beneath overhangs receive programmable levels of illumination that would otherwise not be possible with an overhead, single fixed-position light source.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

This applicationNotice: This application is a reissue application ofU.S. Pat. No. 9,504,235, filed as U.S. application Ser. No. 14/080,586on Nov. 14, 2013, which claims priority to United Kingdom ApplicationNo. 12204830 filed on Nov. 14, 2012. This foreign priority UnitedKingdom application is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.

FIELD OF INVENTION

This invention relates to a lighting system for an aquarium, vivarium orother tank adapted to contain living organisms. Such a tank isgenerically referred to in this specification as an “aquarium” forbrevity.

BACKGROUND OF INVENTION

Fluorescent strip lighting has long been the stable lighting effect inan aquarium, with the strip lighting often in the form of multiple tubesthat are fixed lengthways in the lid of the aquarium.

More recently, intelligent LED-based lights, such as the L1000 BiOrb®Intelligent Light (LED), have allowed sunrise, daylight, sunset andmoonlight cycles to be automatically repeated over a 24-hour period. Inthe BiOrb® system, LEDs are fixed in place in a planar/flat array of acircuit board in the lid of the aquarium, with white and blue lightproviding directly downwardly incident illumination towards the bottomof the aquarium. The LEDs, as will be understood, provide a highintensity dispersed light source either as a cool narrow bandwidth blueeffect or a wider spectral white, with daylight brought about by amicroprocessor-controlled increase in the amount and mix of white LEDoutput power relative to blue LED light. In essence, the BiOrb® systemregulates illumination through controlling light power intensity from afixed overhead position.

In some existing aquarium lighting fixtures that provide a “dawn todusk” mode, the lighting sources simply turn on and off in a sequentialmode. For example, the right side of the aquarium is set as the “east”and the left side of the aquarium is set as the “west”. With this typeof “dawn to dusk” mode, the lights turn on from right to left and turnoff from left to right to mimic the effect of the sun rise and sun set.

An artificial daylight cycle is believed to be beneficial in reducingstress levels in, for example, aquarium fish and moreover provides abetter overall visual effect.

With a conventional lighting system where the light source is permanentand is directly downwardly from above the aquarium, the only way thatlight can be directed to locations other than places which are directlyunder the light source is by use of a reflector or diffusing lens. Thelight intensity of the rays deflected from reflector or diffusing lensesare, unfortunately, only a fraction of the full strength than the lightintensity from the rays that comes directly from the light source. Theamount of light that a creature/organism receives if thecreature/organism is under an “overhang” is invariably insufficient tosustain the life of that creature/organism.

However, since light penetration is made a function of power, thecurrent systems (in full day light conditions) can generate excessivelight levels towards the top of the aquarium (especially in an attemptto provide requisite light to crevices) and insufficient light levels atthe bottom of the tank as a consequence of dispersion and attenuatingeffects arising from the column of the water. In fact, the limited (timedependent) microprocessor control exercised in the more recent aquariumlighting systems is actually inadequate and really only providesaesthetic consideration for the human viewer, rather than naturalenvironmental conditions for the animals or fish within the aquarium.Moreover, unnecessarily high levels of light can promote unwanted algaegrowth that, at best, is unsightly and detracts from viewingopportunities. In fact, in the context of a fish tank, too much light orinsufficient light can adversely affect aquatic life.

Some specific aquarium lighting fixtures permit the user to adjust thedirection of the beam by adjusting the “ball joint” of the fixture thatconnects to the mounting system of the fixture, but not in the contextof LED-based BiOrb® systems.

Relatively sophisticated aquarium lighting systems are provided bycompanies such as Radion (see http://ecotechmarine.com/products/radion/)and GHL (seehttp://www.ghl˜store.com/alu-leuchtbalken/led-haengeleuchte-mitras/mitras-1x-6100/mitras-1x-6100_-silber_-hv-_schuko-2-2-2.html).Other LED aquarium systems are provided by Maxspect and described at thewebsite http://www.maxspect.com/.

In any event and in all cases, once set up, the light source is fixedrelative to the tank and its contents.

The web article “LightRail 3.5 IntelliDrive 6 rpm Kit”[http://web.archive.org/web/20110806235013/http:www.lightrail3.com/products/3-5lightrail-3-5-intellidrive-6rpm-kit/ fromGualala Robotics Inc., dated August 2011, describes a linear lamp moverassembly for use in growing plants. At the end of travel at the end ofthe rail, an adjustable time delay allows the linear lamp movement to bepaused.

The web article “The Static On Static Lighting: Suggestions for BetterLighting Applications of Photosynthetic Reef Organisms—Moving LightSystems (MLS)” by Anthony Calfo, available in September 2003[http://www.wetwebmedia.com/staaticlgtg.htm], describes the linearoverhead-mounted motorised tracks that permit a light source to movealong the course set by the track. A Youtube video “Aquarium plasmalighting on motorised bracket”[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IRdO08eL70 uploaded on 30 Nov. 2010]shows an overhead-mounted linear light rail above an aquarium.

Linear moving light systems maintain a constant light angle duringlinear travel and move the entire light fixture, including the lightfixture housing. Generally constant overhead movement of the lightsource along a linear rail provides insufficient dwell time forsufficient light energy to be received by stationary animals to meet theenergy demands of those stationary animals required to sustain healthand promote growth. Prior art systems are therefore optically pleasingand serve to provide a visual affect for the human viewer.

BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

According to a first aspect of the present invention there is providedan aquarium lighting system that includes: a frame; at least one lightsource within a housing mounted on the frame, the light sourceprojecting, in use, a controllable light pattern; an electrical driveunit coupled to the at least one light source, the electrical drive unitconfigured to moderate projection of the controllable light pattern byat least controlling a change in orientation of the at least one lightsource in its housing through selective variation of at least one of panand tilt and preferably both pan and tilt; and a programmable controllercoupled to at least one electrical drive unit, the programmablecontroller configured to regulate operation of the aquarium lightingsystem by controlling the at least one electrical drive unit to alterand change over time the controllable light pattern projected by the atleast one light source.

In an aspect the system includes a plurality of individuallycontrollable light sources each coupled to the frame, each of theplurality of individually controllable light source coupled to anassociated electrical drive unit operationally responsive to theprogrammable controller, the programmable controller configured toorchestrate individual movement of the plurality of individuallycontrollable light sources to alter over time a composite projectedlight pattern produced by superposition of individual controllable lightpatterns projected from each of the plurality of individuallycontrollable light sources.

Memory that is addressable by the programmable controller may store atleast one user-defined sequence of light patterns achieved throughmanaged movement control of the at least one electrical drive unit.

In some embodiments, the system can include at least one of: ahorizontal light bar containing at least one light source (and typicallya plurality of individually adjustable light sources), where the lightbar is further moveable, under motor control, relative to the frame, andmovement of the light bar is regulated by the programmable controller;and a vertical light stack containing at least one light source (andtypically a plurality of individually adjustable light sources), wherethe light stack is further moveable, under motor control, relative tothe frame and wherein movement of the light stack is regulated by theprogrammable controller.

In another aspect of the invention there is provided an aquarium systemincluding a tank in combination with the aquarium lighting system of thefirst aspect, where the frame is either attached to or suspended abovethe tank.

The aquarium system may include a light field camera providing imagedata to the programmable controller, where the programmable controlleris further configured to process the image data to determine incidentlight levels at selected points within the tank.

The aquarium system may further include at least one sensor within thetank, the sensor coupled to the programmable controller and configuredto monitor light levels falling incident on the sensor and tocommunicate the light levels to the programmable controller, where theprogrammable controller is configured to regulate operation of theaquarium lighting system by controlling the at least one electricaldrive unit to alter and change the controllable light pattern inresponse to the monitored light levels.

The various embodiments of the present invention therefore provide aprogrammable/automatic movable aquarium lighting fixture or otherwise anangularly adaptable aquarium lighting feature that advantageouslyalters, over time, the incidence angle of simulated sunlight (ormoonlight) and/or the intensity of that sunlight/moonlight fallingincident on features throughout the aquarium. Consequently, thedawn/dusk effects are more natural and realistic, whilst crevices indisplays are at least partially illuminated for limited periods duringthe lamps' on-cycle (as naturally occurs with refraction and a changingangle of incidence of natural sunlight).

In other words, the embodiments of the present invention improve thelight exposure for aquatic life and furthermore (and generally) reduceinadvertent or permanent blind-spots experienced in traditional aquariumlighting fixture.

The adjustability of the lens system of a preferred embodimentfurthermore reduces light pollution by producing a narrower beam thateither allows tighter focus onto a particular feature in the aquarium orwhich adjustable beam area is tailored to the size of the aquarium.

Beneficially, by controlling and varying the incident angle from thelight source and effectively controlling (and reducing) the light powerdensity on a particular area over time, the system reduces thelikelihood of promoting “biofilm”, i.e. algae growth, on the aquariumglass/Perspex. Reducing opportunities for algae colonization improvesthe overall appearance in the aquarium.

Employing the lighting system of the preferred embodiment furthermorereduces overall power consumption and improves overall brightness in theaquarium. More particularly, with ability to change beam angle and,indeed, automatically change the location of the light source, theaquarium as a whole benefits from improved light penetration and avoidslocalized areas of high light energy density. Therefore, lower power canbe employed by the lighting system to achieve an improved, if not (ifpreferred) a substantially homogenous light density that ensuresprovides illumination at a determined or preferred level across regionsof the aquarium (and its landscape), including the bottom regions of theaquarium. Indeed, the use of multiple adjustable light sources meansthat the aquarium lighting system of the preferred embodiments can, ifdesired, target and consolidate and overlay several spotlights onto oneparticular spot. This ability to target and direct light sources meansthat special care and attention can be paid to particular regions of theaquarium that demand particular levels of light. In fact, the aquariumlighting system furthermore reduces the chance to burn or bleachingaquatic life (which is a real problem with live corals) given that thecontinuously changing light intensity allows for natural heatregulation. As a practical example, if the aquatic life is too close tothe top and near the source of light, the system operates to reducelight levels in that area. The net effect is that the systembeneficially improves the tank environment to the extent that, in thecontext of a marine fish tank, coral and plant growth can be controlledby spectrally controllable artificial lighting that influence shape andrate of growth.

This present invention allows a user to pre-set illumination spots orareas and then to subject these points to time-varying light intensitiesby controlling time-varying angles for incident light and optionallypower settings from those light sources. The system therefore morerealistically replicates natural light environments within a modeledartificial environment by permitting the user to create effectivedawn-to-dusk, moon-cycle and other climatic weather events andselectively to pre-program how an overall light environment is to evolvea given time period. The system therefore also beneficially eliminatesblind-spots that arise from obstacles inside the aquarium that wouldotherwise be cast in continuous shadow from a conventional fixedoverhead light source.

In contrast with the prior art, individual light source orientationcontrol (relative to the light source's housing/fixture and exercisedthrough motorized pan and/or tilt control) provides for changing lightangles throughout the aquarium environment to allow a light source toprovide reasonable light intensity throughout the tank. This movement,provided by time-selective pan and tilt control, is extremely importantfor sustaining reef animals, such as photosynthetic species.

Embodiments further permit the color temperature of the light, to bealtered based on user-selectability of particular output powers or lightsource colors; this mimics the effects of the real sun. This effectcontrasts with conventional aquarium lighting fixtures that only dim thelight source to a set brightness and then switch off completely.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The foregoing summary, as well as the following detailed description ofthe invention, will be better understood when read in conjunction withthe appended drawings. For the purpose of illustrating the invention,there are shown in the drawings, certain embodiment(s) which arepresently preferred. It should be understood, however, that theinvention is not limited to the precise arrangements andinstrumentalities shown. Drawings are not necessary to scale. Certainfeatures of the invention may be exaggerated in scale or shown inschematic form in the interest of clarity and conciseness.

FIG. 1 is a representation of a typical aquarium;

FIG. 2 is a representation of a rectangular aquarium incorporating alighting system of an aspect of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a representation of a cylindrical aquarium incorporating alighting system of another aspect of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a representation of an adjustable aquarium lighting systemadaptable for use in FIG. 2 or 3;

FIG. 5 is a schematic drawing of an aquarium light control system of anaspect of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is an exploded view of an adjustable aquarium lighting unit;

FIGS. 7 and 8 show tilt and pan adjustments of side light sources ofFIG. 6; and

FIGS. 9a and 9b show a focus ring adjustment for the adjustable aquariumlighting unit of FIG. 6.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Before the subject invention is described further, it is to beunderstood that the invention is not limited to the particularembodiments of the invention described below, as variations of theparticular embodiments may be made and still fall within the scope ofthe appended claims. It is also to be understood that the terminologyemployed is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments, and isnot intended to be limiting. Instead, the scope of the present inventionwill be established by the appended claims.

Where a range of values is provided, it is understood that eachintervening value, to the tenth of the unit of the lower limit unlessthe context clearly dictates otherwise, between the upper and lowerlimit of that range, and any other stated or intervening value in thatstated range, is encompassed within the invention. The upper and lowerlimits of these smaller ranges may independently be included in thesmaller ranges, and are also encompassed within the invention, subjectto any specifically excluded limit in the stated range. Where the statedrange includes one or both of the limits, ranges excluding either orboth of those included limits are also included in the invention.

In this specification and the appended claims, the singular forms “a,”“an” and “the” include plural reference unless the context clearlydictates otherwise.

FIG. 1 is a representation of a typical aquarium 10 having anyrectangular body 12 made from glass or Perspex. A lid 14 includes afixed light source that is coupled to and powered by a power supply 16(ultimately coupled to a mains supply). Within the rectangular body 12,a number of ornamental features 18, such as randomly distributed rocksand boulders, are illuminated by the light source.

In FIG. 2, the basic configurations of the aquarium of FIG. 1 isaugmented through the provision of one or more horizontal light bars 20that can controllably be raised or lowered as they engage against one ormore sides of the rectangular body 12. The positioning of the horizontallight bars 20 is subject to automatic control by one or more motors 22,with the light bar optionally including additional servos 24 that permitan array of LEDs to be tilted relative to a horizontal plane extendinglaterally outwardly from a face of the horizontal light bar in abutmentagainst the sides of the rectangular body 12. In this way, thehorizontal lights bar 20 can illuminate a multiplicity of nominal layerswithin the aquarium by using a potentially narrow beam of light from thelight source in a vertical scanning process, whilst the servos canoptionally tilt the angle of illumination relative to the horizontal. Apulley system or direct drive can be located between the horizontallight bar and an artificial ceiling 26 or lid suspended above or on thelid 14 of the aquarium.

The ornamental features 18 can thus be illuminated by incident lightrays having time-varying angles of incidence controlled by amicrocontroller.

Turning to FIG. 3, a cylindrical aquarium again includes ornamentalfeatures 18 and a downwardly projecting light source (which maycorrespond to the light source described in relation to FIG. 4 or FIG.6) mounted in a lid. In addition, an upper edge of the cylindricalaquarium includes a mountable track 32 from which a vertical light stack34 is suspended. More particularly, a drive unit (such as a wheel—notshown) engages into the track, with the drive unit coupled to a motorthat, under processor control, causes the vertical light stack 34 tofollow the path of the track and thus circumscribe the cylindricalaquarium over a pre-set or selected period of time. The amount ofmovement of the vertical light stack 34 does not need to follow a 360°rotation but, if desired, might travel repeatedly through a smaller arc.In this way, with the light generally projecting towards a centralvertical axis of the cylindrical aquarium there is an automatedvariation in the angle of incidence of the light falling upon theornamental features 18, with different surfaces and facets of theornamental features 18 attracting illumination and shadow at differentpoints during the circumscribing motion of the vertical light sourcearound the mountable track 32.

FIG. 4 shows an aquarium lighting system 40 assembled from threeindependent but inter-connectable light sources that each, potentially,offer automated control of light projection to allow each light sourceto provide time-varying impinging light inclination angles.

A central lid-mounted light source 42 contains a central light source 44and two outboard light sources 46, 48. At least one of these lightsources can be tilted or panned, although it is typical that theoutboard light sources provides the tilting and panning capabilities forthe aquarium lighting system 40. In FIG. 4, the light sources are eachshown to be made from arrays of LEDs, with individual LEDs within thearray or columns of LEDs within the array independently controllablefrom the perspective of power and angle of inclination of the principalaxis of each LED. In other words, the LEDs can be manually adjusted tosetup different light paths projecting outwardly along their principalaxes. Additionally or alternatively, one or more of the centrallid-mounted light source 42 and the two outboard light sources 44, 46can have their respective arrays tilted or panned by servomotorsresponsive to microprocessor control. Therefore, not only can theinitial illumination be set by physically aligning the various LEDs, butmotorized control can further change the angles of inclination or angleof incidence over time.

The central lid-mounted light source 42 may furthermore be used incombination with the horizontal light bar 20 (as described in relationto FIG. 2) and the vertical light stack 34 (as described in relation toFIG. 3).

It is contemplated that individual light elements 50-60 in thehorizontal light bar 20 and vertical light stack 34 can be controlledfrom the perspectives of both output power and its angular positionrelative to a nominal initial orientation within the respective lightbar or light stack.

The main function of the light bar 20 and light stack 34 is to providesupplementary light to areas that either face directly towards theoutside walls of the aquarium or which are beneath an overhang. Due tothe normal application of ornamental aquarium features 18, the centralhigh-mounted downward pointing lamp that is fixed in the lid of theaquarium provides little or no light to such areas; this contrasts witha natural environment where there is a shift in the light source andchanging refraction effects in the water brought about by a change inthe inclination and declination of the sun with time of day and year.

Obviously, these light bars and light stacks present an obstacle to aperson viewing the aquarium, so it is preferred that the operation ofthe light bars and light stacks are timed with or triggered by a timeoutof a motion sensor. A microcontroller based timer permits a user to settimes to activate these light bars when, for example, the owner is outof the house or asleep. At other times, the light bars are stored in aposition that limits their visibility, e.g. at a position close to orabove the waterline in the aquarium.

In totality, the aquarium lighting system of FIG. 4 can thereforeprovide an almost infinitely adjustable light control pattern since theindependent light sources are each controllable from the perspective ofpower and angular position or plane, with this meaning that anyornamental features located within an aquarium can be subjected tovarying light illumination effects over time. A user is therefore ableto manually plan an initial illumination of ornamental features, byadjusting the individual lamps or larger light sources as they desire,where after microprocessor controlled motorized operation can cycle awayfrom this initial setup position and periodically returned to theinitial setup position so as to alter instantaneous incident light powerdensity with time.

In terms of FIG. 5, a schematic diagram shows how an operating systemfor the aquarium lighting system of FIG. 4 may be configured. Theprecise system architecture can, of course, be varied since theschematic diagram illustrates the principal functional blocks ratherthan a manifestly precise circuit diagram evident to the skilledaddressee. The system is based around a microcontroller 70 that ismounted inboard in the aquarium lighting system of FIG. 4. Themicrocontroller is operationally responsible for control of at least one(and typically a multiplicity) of servo-motors 72-78 that are associatedwith individual light source elements, such as individual lamps and isarrays of lamp fittings. One or more servo-motors may be associated witheach of the lamps or arrays of lamps so as to provide differentmotorized control of those lamps, e.g. pan and/or tilt and/or heightand/or mounting unit location (as in the case the vertical stack 34 ontrack 32). From the perspective of light output power and thereforebrightness from each of the individual lamps or the array of lamps, themicrocontroller 70 is coupled to a driver circuit (such as channel 1 LEDdriver 80). The microcontroller 70 may, in fact, be coupled to severaldriver circuits responsible for controlling individual lighting elements50-60 or an overall output power from the lighting unit. Consequently,FIG. 5 shows (for reasons of clarity) only two LED drivers, althoughthere may be N (where N is a positive integer) drivers in reality.

As indicated, the microcontroller 70 may, through the appropriatedriver, provide individual power control to each of a multiplicity oflight source elements mounted within a unit. In this way, the intensityof light and angular incidence of light (relative to a nominal plane)from the unit may vary from one end of unit to the other. Variation isentirely at the control of the user, with programming control exercisedthrough a user interface of the microcontroller to an external computer84 or the like. For example, the system may employ Pulse WidthModulation (PWM) or simple voltage control to adjust the brightness ofeach light source according to predefined or programmed schedule.

Returning to FIG. 5, a light unit may be made up of a linear array ofLEDs (or the like), such as a string of, say, eleven independentlyilluminable LEDs of unitary color or a plurality of colors. The LEDscould be multi-color LEDs or a single narrowband color, such as blue ora broadband white. As shown in the accompanying graph 90, lightintensity/power output of each LED may vary with time; this isillustrated by the differing heights of the bars 92, 94 for eachLED/light source. Similarly, the microcontroller can employ motorcontrol that, from an initial start point, follows a particularprogrammed regime. In this respect, the second graph 100 plots angle oftilt 102 (although this could equally be a plot of angle of pan orrelative height or arc rotation of the stack 34 on its track) againsttime 104 for each of a multiplicity of individual light source or lightunits (i.e. time varying-plots for power, e.g. LED₁, or relative angularinclination, e.g. PanϕLED_(N)).

The microcontroller 70 may, furthermore, be coupled to a camera system120 that includes a detector arranged to record relative areas of lightand darkness within its field of view or panned field of view (shouldthe camera be motorized). The function of the camera system 120 isdescribed later.

The embodiments of the present invention therefore commonly provide amechanism for regulating and controlling incident illumination throughone or both of a motorized system that adjust orientation of lamp arraysor light sources in the system and/or through power control of lamparrays or light sources. As such, the microcontroller 84 operates toincrease or decrease the light intensity at a particular point or pointswithin the aquarium. Tilt and pan of a solitary light source (such asthe outboard light sources 46, 48) are respectively shown in FIGS. 7 and8. The solitary light source may therefore be mounted on aball-and-socket like connector and/or on crossing guidewires that permitthe light source to be moved in multiple degree of freedom, i.e. east towest and/or angle of incidence through pan and tilt functions.

In addition to the controlling of tilt or pan or power, an alternativeor complementary arrangement permits an area of illumination to bechanged through the use of a lens system, such as convex lens, and amechanical or motor-controlled change in the lens' focal length. Thelens can, in fact, be adjusted manually and/or under motor control.Referring briefly to FIGS. 9a and 9b, a microcontroller can be arrangedto actuate a servo motor that drives the lens into or out of itshousing, thereby dispersing (FIG. 9a) or concentrating (FIG. 9b) thearea of illumination. From an implementation perspective, a snoot orlens iris (or the like) can be mechanized to control the directionand/or radius of a light beam projected from a light source.Consequently, this feature allows the user to increase or decrease thebeam angle into a spot or a flood beam. For example, if a high intensityis required at a deeper level of the aquarium, the snoot is controllablyadjusted to be a spot so that most of the light will be narrowed into asmaller area. On the other hand, if the user determines that particularfeatures in the aquarium do not require such a high intensity but ratherwarrant a larger illumination area at a lower power light, the snoot canbe controllably adjusted to produce greater dispersion and thus to covera larger area.

Increase or decrease in light intensity for particular a spot or areacan thus be achieved with the combination of the pan/tilt motion thataffects overall beam angle from the light source(s), with thisoptionally combined with an angle adjustable convex lens or snoot.Height adjustment or rotational position of, respectively, anyhorizontal light bar 20 or vertical light stack 34 may also play itspart in affecting a change in light intensity at a spot or area in theaquarium. However, the use of light bars and light stacks (on one ormore of the front, rear and side surfaces) and the lens/ring sub-systemare generally considered as optional and thus subordinate in stature tothe automated pan and tilt features of FIGS. 7 and 8. In this respect.FIG. 6 shows an exploded view of a motorized aquarium lighting systemencompassing the fundamental aspects of the present invention. Ifnecessary, the lid of the lighting system of FIG. 6 can include coolingfans to dissipate heat produced, for example, by the lighting sourcesand associated motors.

The embodiment of FIG. 6 (which may also be realized in a housing shapethat is not rectangular) can be employed in large and small aquariumsalike. With a single module system, the light source is directly placedover the center of the aquarium. The light source is then tilted fromone end to the other reproducing the effect of the real sun when itmoves from east to west. This means that “noon” time, the light sourceis directly over the center and provides a maximum amount of light tocenter and upper layer (typically water) in an aquarium. As the sunmoves from the east, the light will gradually increase the intensityfrom either the “off” mode or the “moon light” mode. After the lightsource has passed the center point (noon time), the light will graduallydim down to either the “off” mode or the “moon light” mode. During acomplete “off” mode or the “moon light” mode, the light source will moveback to either the center or to the “east” side depending on the user'spreference/setting. When the cycle starts, the light will move to the“east” side to restart a new cycle.

In the natural environment, the sun will move relative to a specificlocation and this allows the sunrays to shine into crevices or under the“overhang” to enable the organisms/creature located under the “overhang”to receive the required amount of light that is needed to stay alive andpromote growth. With the embodiments of the present invention, themaneuverability of the effective position of the light source means thatthe highest intensity is controlled such that it is insufficient toinduce localized bleaching or overheating.

System Set-Up

In terms of the microcontroller control and the set-up of the lightingsystem, a user may make direct use of a GUI in a PC or otherwise programthe microcontroller (of FIG. 5) to define time points. For each timepoint, the user defines light intensity of each color channel (i.e.white, blue, royal blue, red, green and so on) and incidence angle (orlocation) of each movable light sources. This can be achieved byentering a learn mode in which the user initially manually adjust thepositions of one or more light sources and the system is then tasked torecord a snap-shot of that particular preferred set-up, i.e. theposition and power levels of the lamps are monitored and recorded. Theuser then defines the transition effect between time points, i.e. linearor curve (Bezier curve). For a linear mode, the microcontroller operatesincrease/decrease light intensity gradually from “time point 1” to “timepoint 2” to reflect a natural variation of sunlight during a day of aparticular season.

The microcontroller therefore has access to and can address a memorystorage location, typically EEPROM, which memory location stores programinstructions, including for example differing light propertiesexperience season-by-season.

Besides recording a snap shot of user-preferred settings (including, ifappropriate, those of the light bar 20 or light stack 34), the programmay also impose random changes in brightness to individual light sourcescontrolled by a particular LED driver or the like. In this way, thesystem imitates cloud movement across the sky by casting slow movingshadows on the ornamental landscape without the user having to providefiner detail. Similarly, the pre-selected illumination levels set by theuser can be attenuated by stored (and optionally updateable) programcoding that aligns with moon phase cycles and seasonal variations fordeclination or inclination of the sun.

Provision is made for the user to advance the current setting throughcontiguous time points, with this provision implemented by a directinterface that would be apparent to the skilled addressee.

The microcontroller and its associated storage may therefore record oneor more of the following: i) real time; ii) moon cycle; iii) time pointsettings; iv) fan start temperature for initiating cooling; v) colorchannel values for all time points; vi) incident angle (or height orangular position) of each light source or spot for all time points; vii)weather mode preferences, e.g. simulated cloud cover; viii)sunrise/sunset durations; ix) maximum simulated brightness of moonlight;x) smoothing factor allowing transitions between adjacent each timepoints pair, e.g. 8:00 am to 11:30 am might be programmed as a lineartransition whereas the transition between 2:00 pm to 5:00 pm is acomplex or curved transition function.

Camera System

Returning to FIG. 5 and the provision of the camera system that ismounted in the lid and, in cooperation with the microcontroller, istasked to capture and then assemble a 3D model of illumination patternscast on fixed ornamental features 18, such as corals, in the aquarium.Processing of the raw captured data may be undertaken by ahigher-powered external processor, such as available at the connected PC84. Techniques for assessing light fields are known to the skilledaddressee and can be based, for example, on inserting a microloans arraybetween the sensor and main lens, thereby creating a plenoptic or fightfield camera. In generality, each microlens measures not just the totalamount of light deposited at that location, but how much light arrivesalong each ray. Other techniques may be employed, as will be understood.

In addition, direct sensors may be placed onto areas in the tank tomonitor and communicate light levels falling incident on those sensors.The use of such tank sensors provides a finer degree of light sourcecontrol and adaption.

By using logic, the system estimates the light intensity of eachposition. Based on the information, the system may generate arecommended lighting plan based on observed intensities and,potentially, may also adapt flow rates through amicrocontroller-controlled pump system. Once user approves and uploadsthe program setting into light fixture(s) by monitoring the system overtime, the light control model adapts to reflect changes induced ingrowth by particular applied light settings. This monitoring functiontherefore allows a user to exercise additional control overenvironmental development and particularly slow marine growth.

The controlled automated movement of the light firstly provides anability potentially to illuminate every corner and crevice within theaquarium. Movement also allows capture of a full tank 3D image.Particularly, by moving the camera angularly for back and forth) a setof images can be captured and stored. Using these images (which may notbe a sharp focus) it is possible to reconstruct the light field in theaquarium. For example, the light field can be reconstructed usingexisting algorithms that using in X-ray computed tomography and lightfield cameras. The light field can then be used to render 3D scenes ofwhole tank.

Also, the system permits a determination of flow rates at various pointswithin the aquarium. In this regard, to measure the flow rate of eachpoint a light field camera is positioned and arranged to capturemulti-still light field pictures of moving objects, such as the leaveson a plant. By comparing the object positions, it is possible tocalculate the precise flow rate at the analyzed point.

Traditionally, such flow rate and 3D scene information required costlylaboratory-level equipment, but with the image light field camera andpositionable light sources (of the preferred embodiment) it is possibleto prepare the rendering and assess flow rates at a fraction of theprevious costs.

It will be understood that unless features in the particular preferredembodiments are expressly identified as incompatible with one another orthe surrounding context implies that they are mutually exclusive and notreadily combinable in a complementary and/or supportive sense, thetotality of this disclosure contemplates and envisions that specificfeatures of those complementary embodiments can be selectively combinedto provide one or more comprehensive, but slightly different, technicalsolutions.

It will, of course, be appreciated that the above description has beengiven by way of example only and that modifications in details may bemade within the scope of the present invention. For example, while apreferred embodiment makes use of lower power consuming LEDs, it iscontemplated that other light sources may be used, including but notlimited to) fluorescent, incandescent, metal halide technology or anycombination thereof. Each lighting unit may be a planar, point or arrayof individual light sources. Each lighting unit may, if necessary ordesirable, comprise a lens, interchangeable filters or perforatedscreens adapted to modify the illumination provided.

Different colored LEDs and individually controlled color channels allowsthe user to fine tune the color temperature in the aquarium, with thisaccentuating observed colors from, especially, aquatic life supported inthe aquarium.

The invention claimed is:
 1. An aquarium lighting system coupled to anaquarium containing at least one of corals, living plants and algae, theaquarium lighting system comprising: a frame mounted on the aquarium; atleast one light source within a housing mounted on the frame, the lightsource projecting, in use, a controllable light pattern; an electricaldrive unit coupled to the at least one light source, the electricaldrive unit configured to moderate projection of the controllable lightpattern by at least controlling a change in orientation of the at leastone light source in its housing through selective variation of at leastone of pan, tilt, and both pan and tilt; and a programmable controllercoupled to the at least one electrical drive unit, the programmablecontroller configured to regulate operation of the aquarium lightingsystem over the course of a day by controlling the at least oneelectrical drive unit to alter and change over time the controllablelight pattern into the aquarium projected by said at least one lightsource over the course of the day such that light power intensity in thean incident projected light pattern is controlled to influence a rate ofgrowth of the at least one of the corals, the living plants and thealgae; and wherein the system comprises a plurality of individuallycontrollable light sources each coupled to the frame, each of saidplurality of individually controllable light source sources coupled toan associated electrical drive unit operationally responsive to theprogrammable controller, the programmable controller configured toorchestrate individual movement of the plurality of individuallycontrollable light sources to after alter over time a compositeprojected light pattern produced by superposition of individualcontrollable light patterns projected from each of said plurality ofindividually controllable light sources.
 2. The aquarium lighting systemof claim 1, wherein the programmable controller is further configured tocontrol light intensity of said at least one light source.
 3. Theaquarium lighting system of claim 1, further comprising: memoryaddressable by the programmable controller, the memory storing at leastone user-defined sequence of light patterns achieved through managedmovement control of the at least one electrical drive unit.
 4. Theaquarium lighting system of claim 1, wherein the at least one lightsource includes a lens having a controllable focus.
 5. The aquariumlighting system of claim 1, wherein the at least one light sourceincludes a lens having a controllable focus.
 6. The aquarium lightingsystem of claim 1, wherein the plurality of light sources outputdifferent optical wavelengths.
 7. The aquarium lighting system of claim1, wherein the programmable controller coordinates movement of said atleast one light source or characteristics of the controllable lightpattern to mimic at least one effect selected from the group of: i) mooncycle; ii) solar inclination and declination; iii) sunrise; iv) sunset;and v) atmospheric weather effects.
 8. The aquarium lighting system ofclaim 7, wherein the programmable controller is configured to regularlychange the controllable light pattern to mitigate localised localizedheating effects that would otherwise arise from a fixed pattern.
 9. Theaquarium lighting system of claim 2, wherein the programmable controlleris configured to regularly change the controllable light pattern tomitigate localised localized heating effects that would otherwise arisefrom a fixed pattern.
 10. The aquarium lighting system of claim 8,wherein the change in controllable light patterns is a continuous changein light direction of the projected light pattern, light intensity ofthe projected light pattern or light direction and light intensity ofthe projected light pattern.
 11. An aquarium lighting system comprising:a frame; at least one light source within a housing mounted on theframe, the light source protecting, in use, a controllable lightpattern; an electrical drive unit coupled to the at least one lightsource, the electrical drive unit configured to moderate projection ofthe controllable light pattern by at least controlling a change inorientation of the at least one light source in its housing throughselective variation of at least one of pan and, tilt, and preferablyboth pan and tilt; and a programmable controller coupled to at least oneelectrical drive unit, the programmable controller configured toregulate operation of the aquarium lighting system by controlling the atleast one electrical drive unit to alter and change over time thecontrollable light pattern projected by the at least one light source;and a light field camera providing image data to the programmablecontroller, wherein the programmable controller is further configured toprocess the image data to determine incident light levels at selectedpoints within the tank.
 12. An aquarium lighting system comprising: aframe; at least one light source within a housing mounted on the frame,the light source projecting, in use, a controllable light pattern; anelectrical drive unit coupled to the at least one light source, theelectrical drive unit configured to moderate projection of thecontrollable light pattern by at least controlling a change inorientation of the at least one light source in its housing throughselective variation of at least one of pan and, tilt, and preferablyboth pan and tilt; and a programmable controller coupled to at least oneelectrical drive unit, the programmable controller configured toregulate operation of the aquarium lighting system by controlling the atleast one electrical drive unit to alter and change over time thecontrollable light pattern projected by the at least one light source;and at least one sensor within the tank, the sensor coupled to theprogrammable controller and configured to monitor light levels fallingincident on the sensor and to communicate said light levels to theprogrammable controller, and wherein the programmable controller isconfigured to regulate operation of the aquarium lighting system bycontrolling the at least one electrical drive unit to alter and changethe controllable light pattern in response to the monitored lightlevels.
 13. An aquarium lighting system configured to be coupled to anaquarium, the aquarium lighting system comprising: a frame configured tobe mounted on the aquarium; at least one light source housing mounted onthe frame, the at least one light source housing configured to receiveat least one light source that, when installed in the at least one lightsource housing, is arranged to project, in use, a controllable lightpattern into the aquarium; at least one electrical drive unit coupled tothe at least one light source housing, the at least one electrical driveunit configured to moderate projection of the controllable light patternby at least controlling a change in orientation of the at least onelight source in the at least one light source housing through selectivevariation of at least one of pan, tilt and both pan and tilt; and aprogrammable controller coupled to the at least one electrical driveunit, the programmable controller configured to regulate operation ofthe aquarium lighting system over the course of a day by controlling theat least one electrical drive unit to alter, by changing over the courseof the day, the orientation of the at least one light source housingthereby both providing time-varying light inclination angles of thecontrollable light pattern configured to be projected into the aquariumby the at least one light source and control the projected light patternwithin the aquarium.
 14. The aquarium lighting system of claim 13,wherein the programmable controller is further configured to controllight intensity of the at least one light source.
 15. The aquariumlighting system of claim 13, wherein the aquarium lighting systemincludes the at least one light source, the at least one light source ofthe system comprising a plurality of individually controllable lightsources each coupled to the frame, each of the plurality of individuallycontrollable light sources coupled to an associated electrical driveunit operationally responsive to the programmable controller, theprogrammable controller configured to orchestrate individual movement ofthe plurality of individually controllable light sources to alter overtime a composite projected light pattern produced by superposition ofindividual controllable light patterns projected from each of theplurality of individually controllable light sources.
 16. The aquariumlighting system of claim 13, further comprising: memory addressable bythe programmable controller, the memory storing at least oneuser-defined sequence of light patterns achieved through managedmovement control of the at least one electrical drive unit.
 17. Theaquarium lighting system of claim 13, wherein the aquarium lightingsystem includes the at least one light source, and wherein the at leastone light source includes a lens having a controllable focus.
 18. Theaquarium lighting system of claim 15, wherein the plurality of lightsources output different optical wavelengths.
 19. The aquarium lightingsystem of claim 13, wherein the programmable controller is configured tocoordinate movement of the at least one light source or characteristicsof the controllable light pattern to mimic at least one effect selectedfrom the group of: i) moon cycle; ii) solar inclination and declination;iii) sunrise; iv) sunset; and v) atmospheric weather effects.
 20. Theaquarium lighting system of claim 13, wherein the programmablecontroller is configured to regularly change the controllable lightpattern to mitigate localized heating effects that would otherwise arisefrom a fixed pattern.
 21. The aquarium lighting system of claim 20,wherein the change in controllable light patterns is a continuous changein light direction of the projected light pattern, light intensity ofthe projected light pattern or light direction and light intensity ofthe projected light pattern.
 22. The aquarium lighting system of claim13, further comprising: a light field camera providing image data to theprogrammable controller, wherein the programmable controller is furtherconfigured to process the image data to determine incident light levelsat selected points within the tank.
 23. The aquarium lighting system ofclaim 13, further comprising: at least one sensor within the tank, thesensor coupled to the programmable controller and configured to monitorlight levels falling incident on the sensor and to communicate saidlight levels to the programmable controller, wherein the programmablecontroller is configured to regulate operation of the aquarium lightingsystem by controlling the at least one electrical drive unit to alterand change the controllable light pattern in response to the monitoredlight levels.
 24. An aquarium lighting system that includes a modularlight source housing and programmable controller combination, the atleast one controllable modular light source housing arranged to becoupled, in use, into a frame of an aquarium, the at least onecontrollable modular light source housing responsive to the programmablecontroller, wherein the at least one controllable modular light sourcehousing is: configured to receive at least one light source that, wheninstalled in the at least one controllable modular light source housing,is arranged to project, in use, a controllable light pattern into theaquarium; and associated with at least one electrical drive unit, theelectrical drive unit configured to moderate projection of thecontrollable light pattern by at least controlling a change inorientation of said at least one light source in the modular lightsource housing through selective variation of at least one of pan, tiltand both pan and tilt orientation of the at least one controllablemodular light source housing; and the programmable controller is:coupled to at least one electrical drive unit, the programmablecontroller configured to regulate operation of the aquarium lightingsystem over the course of a day by controlling the at least oneelectrical drive unit to alter, by changing over the course of the day,the orientation of the at least one controllable modular light sourcehousing thereby both providing, in use, time-varying light inclinationangles of the controllable light pattern configured to be projected intothe aquarium by the at least one light source and control, in use andwhen in situ, the projected light pattern within the aquarium; andresponsive to controlled instructions provided thereto.
 25. The aquariumlighting system of claim 24, wherein the programmable controller isfurther configured to control light intensity of said at least one lightsource.
 26. The aquarium lighting system of claim 24, wherein theaquarium lighting system includes the at least one light source, the atleast one light source comprising a plurality of individuallycontrollable light sources, each of said plurality of individuallycontrollable light sources coupled to an associated electrical driveunit operationally responsive to the programmable controller, theprogrammable controller configured to orchestrate individual movement ofthe plurality of individually controllable light sources to alter overtime a composite projected light pattern produced by superposition ofindividual controllable light patterns projected from each of theplurality of individually controllable light sources.
 27. The aquariumlighting system of claim 24, further comprising: memory addressable bythe programmable controller, the memory storing at least oneuser-defined sequence of light patterns achieved through managedmovement control of the at least one electrical drive unit.
 28. Theaquarium lighting system of claim 24, wherein the aquarium lightingsystem includes the at least one light source, and wherein the at leastone light source includes a lens having a controllable focus.
 29. Theaquarium lighting system of claim 26, wherein the plurality of lightsources output different optical wavelengths.
 30. The aquarium lightingsystem of claim 24, wherein the programmable controller is configured tocoordinate movement of the at least one light source or characteristicsof the controllable light pattern to mimic at least one effect selectedfrom the group of: i) moon cycle; ii) solar inclination and declination;iii) sunrise; iv) sunset; and v) atmospheric weather effects.
 31. Theaquarium lighting system of claim 24, wherein the programmablecontroller is configured to regularly change the controllable lightpattern to mitigate localized heating effects that would otherwise arisefrom a fixed pattern.
 32. The aquarium lighting system of claim 31,wherein the change in controllable light patterns is a continuous changein light direction of the projected light pattern, light intensity ofthe projected light pattern or light direction and light intensity ofthe projected light pattern.
 33. The aquarium lighting system of claim24, further comprising: a light field camera providing image data to theprogrammable controller, wherein the programmable controller is furtherconfigured to process the image data to determine incident light levelsat selected points within the tank.
 34. The aquarium lighting system ofclaim 24, further comprising: at least one sensor within the tank, thesensor coupled to the programmable controller and configured to monitorlight levels falling incident on the sensor and to communicate the lightlevels to the programmable controller, wherein the programmablecontroller is configured to regulate operation of the aquarium lightingsystem by controlling the at least one electrical drive unit to alterand change the controllable light pattern in response to the monitoredlight levels.